2023年末，联合国人居署发布了最新一期《城乡融合案例研究汇编》（第三版），收录了三个由MLA+主导设计的重要项目。今年，我们整合提炼国际团队在城乡融合课题与项目本地观察的经验。在接下来的一个月中，我们将通过系列主题文章，深度剖析各项目中遇到的难点与解决方法，带领大家了解项目的内核。
At the end of 2023, UN-Habitat release the latest edition of the Compendium of Case Studies on Urban-Rural Linkages (3rd edition) , published three significant projects led by MLA+. This year, we have consolidated and distilled the experiences of our international team on the topic of urban-rural integration, along with observations from the local context of the projects. Over the next month, we will delve into the challenges encountered in each project and the solutions implemented through a series of thematic articles, guiding readers to understand the core of the projects.
《城乡融合案例研究汇编》（第三版）：
践行指导原则和行动框架以推进土地综合发展
COMPENDIUM OF INSPIRING PRACTICES ON URBAN-RURAL LINKAGES: Implementation of Guiding Principles and Framework for Action to advance Integrated Territorial Development
《城乡融合案例研究汇编》（第三版）展示了来自非洲、亚洲和太平洋地区、欧洲、拉丁美洲和中东的17个案例研究。这些案例突出了城乡融合的指导原则和行动框架（URL-GP）的应用，强调土地综合发展的重要性。
The third edition of the Compendium of Inspiring Practices on Urban-Rural Linkages showcases 17 case studies from Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. These cases highlight the application of the Urban-Rural Linkages Guiding Principles and Framework for Action (URL-GP) and emphasize the importance of an integrated territorial approach.
这些案例涵盖了多个维度，包括设计、空间规划、项目实施、战略、政策制定和实施，以及规范工具的应用。这些案例强调了多部门、多层级和多利益相关者的参与，各级政府、私营领域、民间社会、学术界和社区之间建立了共同的伙伴关系。
The cases cover a range of dimensions, including design, spatial planning, project implementation, strategy, policy development and implementation, and application of normative tools The cases highlight a multi-sectoral, multi-level, and multi-stakeholder approach, with common partnerships between different government levels, the private sector, civil society, academia, and communities.
该汇编提供了各个领域的鼓舞人心的努力示例，包括城乡融合、食品和生物多样性、废物管理、社会融合、气候缓解和营养等方面。这些示例展示了URL-GP如何实施以及可能实现的正向成果。
The compendium provides inspiring examples of efforts in various areas, such as linking urban and rural, food and biodiversity, waste management, social integration, climate mitigation, and nutrition. These examples demonstrate how the URL-GP can be implemented and the positive outcomes that can be achieved.
总的来说，该汇编为政府领导人、城乡专家以及对城乡融合和可持续领域发展感兴趣的读者提供了宝贵的资源。它展示了各方参与者所取得的进展，提供了从以前版本中吸取的经验教训，并概述了未来版本的下一步计划。所呈现的知识在全球、国家和次国家层面都具有相关性，并可以应用于不同地理环境以促进领域发展。
Overall, the compendium serves as a valuable resource for government leaders, urban and rural experts, and readers interested in urban-rural linkages and sustainable territorial development. It showcases the progress made by different actors, provides lessons learned from previous editions, and outlines the next steps for future editions. The presented knowledge is relevant at global, national, and subnational levels and can be applied in diverse geographical contexts to enhance territorial development.
城乡融合的指导原则和行动框架（URL-GP）
Guiding Principles and Framework for Action
什么是城乡融合指导原则？
What is Urban-Rural Linkages: Guiding Principles?
URL-GP包括10个不同面向的指导原则，分别为：
1. 在地性的干预措施
2. 综合性治理
3. 基于功能及空间系统的方法
4. 经济普惠性
5. 平衡的伙伴关系
6. 以人权为本
7. 避免伤害同时提供社会保障
8. 环境敏感性
9. 参与性合作
10. 数据驱动及基于事实
URL-GP has 10 guiding principles focusing on different aspects：
1. Locally grounded interventions
2. Integrated governance
3. Functional and spatial systems-based approaches
4. Financially inclusive
5. Balanced partnership
6. Human right-based
7. Do no harm & provide social protection
8. Environmentally sensitive
9. Participatory engagement
10. Data driven and evidence-based
为城乡融合创造有利环境的行动：
A. 治理、立法和能力建设
B. 跨城乡区域的综合规划
C. 为包容性的城乡发展提供投资和融资
D. 赋权于人民和社区
E. 对人员、产品、服务和信息的动态空间流动的知识/数据管理
Actions to create an enabling environment for urban-rural linkages:
A. Governance, legislation and capacity development.
B. Integrated planning across the urban-rural continuum.
C. Investment and finance for inclusive urban-rural development.
D. Empower people and communities.
E. Knowledge/data management for dynamic spatial flows of people, products, services and information.
部门及主题切入点：
F. 区域经济发展及就业
G. 提供社会服务的协调一致性方式
H. 基础设施、技术和通信系统
I. 综合考虑食品安全、营养和公共卫生
J. 环境影响，自然资源和土地管理
K. 面临冲突与灾难的城乡交接区
Sectorial and thematic entry points:
F. Territorial economic development and employm
G. Coherent approaches to social service provision.
H. Infrastructure, technology and communication systems.
I. Integrated approaches for food security, nutrition, and public health.
J. Environmental impact and natural resource and land management.
K. The urban-rural continuum in the face of conflict and disaster.
案例研究中城乡融合引导原则的应用总结
SUMMARY OF THE APPLICATION OF THE GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR URBAN-RURAL LNKAGES IN THE CASE STUDIES
威远岛森林公园规划——城乡一体化社区
Planning Weiyuan Island Forest Park integration urban and rural communities
"这个项目的主要目标之一是恢复威远岛的生态环境，为动植物提供韧性和优良的栖息环境，确保其健康的未来。"
“One of the main objectives of this project is to restore Weiyuan Islands nature to provide a resilient and optimal environment for flora and fauna alike, ensuring its healthy future”
该项目是一个具有在地性的本土化倡议，本土语境在项目推进中起到了关键作用。团队仔细研究了岛屿的历史和自然状况，并根据这些调查结果提出了概念和设计。为了贯彻基于功能及空间系统的方法原则，他们详细剖析了生态和城市形态，并提出了相应的解决方案，以使生物多样性得以充分恢复，同时城市环境也能在尊重自然的前提下发展。这也符合环境敏感性原则。此外，项目还通过现场生态分析，深入研究了当前问题，并提供了解决方案，包括防洪、潮汐防御系统、建设韧性蓝绿框架，以及恢复适合动植物栖息的生态栖息地等。在避免伤害同时提供社会保障的原则下，该项目通过精心考虑，在不伤害威远的前提下，让人们体验威远丰富的自然风光，从而促进当地的福祉和健康。此外，项目希望通过一些列的恢复和激励策略，赋能于生态和人类，以保护当地的生物多样性和土地。
The project is a locally grounded initiative, in that local context was key in developing this project. The team carefully studied both the history and nature of the island and based our concept and design on these findings. To apply the principle of functional and spatial systems-based approaches, nature and urban patterns were analyzed and solutions were offered to allow biodiversity to get fully restored, as well as the urban environment to develop with respect towards nature. This also corresponds to the principle of environmental sensitivity. In addition, a site eco-analysis was conducted to examine the current problems in depth and provide solutions in the forms of flood mitigation, tide defense systems, building a resilient green and blue framework, and repair of the eco-habitats for flora and fauna alike, among others. In relation to the principle of Do no harm and provide social protection, the project promoted well-being and health by carefully considering how people can experience Weiyuan’s rich nature and benefit from it without harming it. Additionally, a key consideration was to protect the local biodiversity and land by creating restoration strategies that will empower nature and people alike.
▲亩加在东莞滨海湾新区吹起赢标号角，打造威远岛全域森林公园
以自然为杠杆撬动城市发展——为生态效益整合城乡要素
Nature as Leverage – Integrating urban and rural components for ecological benefits
“设计在深汕特别合作区沿海地区的愿景中提出了了一个以山、海、城为核心的的发展框架。该框架将带来面向未来可持续性的海岸防御体系，充分融合工程设计和景观设计，为12公里长的海岸线提供了一系列充满活力的受保护空间。“
“In this Vision for the Coastal Area of Shenshan Special Cooperation Zone, the project develops a design framework for mountain, sea, and land development. The result is a future-proof coastal defense that integrates engineering and landscape design providing a vibrant sequence of protected spaces along the 12-kilometre-long coast”
基于本土及生态的发展理念旨在为沿海和山脉边缘提供灾害保护，同时促进生态和城市发展。这与环境敏感性原则一致。设计基于功能及空间系统的方法原则，为103平方公里的设计范围提出了整体空间规划，覆盖了城市和农村地区，以及海岸、陆地和山脉等各种生态系统。参与式合作也在项目中得到了体现，协调团队在开始设计过程前就与当地居民和企业进行了沟通，以更好地了解他们对该地区的认知与需求。同时，公众参与也是愿景设计中的重要组成部分。该项目还注重数据和证据的收集与整理。通过广泛的实地考察以及对该地区、居民和历史的仔细研究，收集整理数据与现状资料，并根据研究结果制定了空间战略。此外，该项目也非常具有在地性，因为对当地的了解对提出充分贴合该地区特点的设计和愿景十分重要。
The local and ecological development thinking serves disaster protection along coast and mountain edges as well as ecological and urban development. This applies to the principles of environmental sensitivity. On the principle of functional and spatial systems-based approaches, a spatial plan of 103 km2 was developed, which covers both urban and rural areas as well as ecosystems including sea land and mountain. Participatory engagement is also reflected, where the coordinating team conversed with local residents and businesses and to learn more about their experience of the area before starting the design process. At the same time, public participation was a vital part of the Vision design stage. The project was also keen on data and evidence. Data was gathered through extensive site visits but also by meticulously studying the area, its residences, and history, and based our spatial strategy on our findings. The project is also locally grounded, as it was important to understanding the local context and creating a design and Vision specifically to match the area.
▲MLA+再次夺魁滨海竞赛，以自然为杠杆撬动深汕发展
梯田三宝垄：‘以水为谋’为亚洲韧性城市设计
Cascading Semarang
“这一倡议侧重进行前期可行性研究，以此识别出让国际金融机构从早期就介入在Semarang市的与气候变化和水资源危机相关的项目和计划的机会。”
“This initiative focuses on performing a pre-feasibility study to identify opportunities for International Financial Institutions to early-adapt paradigm shifting projects, as well as programs related to climate change and water-driven challenges in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.”
以此，项目组分析研究了现行的计划、政策和项目，以寻找机会来进一步细化、添加或修改，以引发当地思维和方法范式的转变。作为基于本地情况的在地性措施提案，该项目与当地社区代表以及当地机构密切合作，为Semarang市的需求和尤为突出的水资源危机提供解决方案。通过跨领域合作，实现了合作伙伴之间的关系平衡。项目团队由荷兰和印尼的专家组成，具有多样化的国籍和专业背景。该项目还与当地大学、社区和专业人士合作，通过研讨会等咨询活动，在知识和专业知识方面进行交流，进一步体现了参与性合作的原则。该项目旨在通过提供充足的水资源来解决健康这一基本人权（以人权为基础的原则）。此外，项目提出重新充实含水层的方法，以停止土地下沉，并确保当地生物多样性的未来，考虑了环境敏感性。
As such, plans, policies & programs in force were analyzed to find opportunities to elaborate, to add, or to change in such a way that a paradigm shift in local thinking and approach was induced. As a locally grounded intervention, the project made sure to work together both with local community representatives but also local institutions and developed solutions for Semarang’s needs and particular water challenges. Through cross collaboration, a balanced partnership was achieved. The team consisted of Netherlands-based and Indonesia-based experts with varied national and professional backgrounds. The project also worked with local universities, communities, and specialized professionals, and exchanged knowledge and expertise in workshops among other consultations. This further demonstrates the principle of participatory engagement. The project also aims to address the human right to health (human-rights-based principle) through provision of adequate water. Environmental sensitivity was also considered through proposing ways of recharging the aquifers so as to stop land subsidence and secure the future of local biodiversity.
▲MLA+参与的"以水为谋-亚洲韧性城市设计"荣获荷兰设计奖
www.mlaplus.com
MLA+是集城设、建筑、景观、策划、咨询、展陈、标识、媒介设计等专业复合一体的新锐国际设计事务所，从前期策划创意概念，到后期施工落地，保证全专业全过程高品质输出。聚合全球17个国家130多名优秀设计师，三十年国际发展，十五年中国耕耘。
