“我们的方案 「威远印象」不仅限于森林公园本身，而是放眼整个岛屿并思考其未来。全域森林公园的概念旨在从生态赋能、在地营造和体验链接的角度，重塑威远岛的重要性。"
"Our proposal 「Scenes of Weiyuan」wentbeyond the forest park itself; it thinksabout the whole island and looks to thefuture. The concept of“One lsland, OnePark” is the chance to bring Weiyuanlsland's importance back, in terms ofecology, placemaking and wayfindingstrategies."
威远岛森林公园规划——全域公园融城乡于一体
Planning Weiyuan Island Forest Park integration urban and rural communities
作为联合国人居署特刊系列的最后一篇文章，我们将详细解读如何将威远岛的生态策略扩展到了山地森林公园的边界之外，考虑了一个更广泛的范围。在这个界限清晰的岛屿上，为了构建一个具有韧性的蓝绿框架，我们必须将所有关键区域都纳入考量。
As the final article of the UN-Habitat special issue series, our ecology strategy thinks beyond theboundary of the mountain forest park.For a well-defined zone like this islanda blue and green framework can onlybe resilient if it considers all importantzones.
项目位置：中国广东省东莞市滨海湾新区威远岛
项目进程：2020年中标 - 至今 实行中
介入类型：空间规划，设计
合作方：广州园林建筑规划设计研究总院（生态规划，节点景观设计）
Location: Weiyuan Island, Binhaiwan Bay District, Dongguan Municipality, Guangdong Province, China
When: 2020 1st of international competition - Present Implementation
Type of Intervention: Spatial Plan, Design
Partners: Guangzhou Landscape Planning and Design Institute (Ecological Planning, Landscape Design of Key Nodes)
背景与挑战
Background and challenges
占地20k㎡的威远岛位于珠江三角洲东岸的东莞滨海湾新区内。根据2019年《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》和2019年《东莞滨海湾新区发展总体规划（2019-2035年）》，滨海湾新区被指定为新兴大湾区的重要发展平台。威远岛在过去30多年中一直都被忽视，由此导致了一系列问题：快速的城市化导致生态系统破碎；人们与岛屿的丰富历史和自然环境之间的联系中断；山体受到侵蚀，当地生态功能逐渐减弱。项目提出一系列提案以及解决方案，旨在将当地生态系统恢复到最佳状态，创造供人们通过多种活动体验岛屿各个方面的岛屿路线，最终实现城市和生态景观的和谐共存。
The 20 km2 Weiyuan Island is located on the east bank of the Pearl River Delta in Dongguan’s new Binhaiwan Bay District. The 2019 “Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong - Hong Kong - Macao Greater Bay Area” and the 2019 “Overall Development Plan of Dongguan Binhaiwan Bay Area (2019- 2035)” designated Binhaiwan Bay District as a major development platform in the emerging mega-region. Weiyuan Island has been overlooked for over 30 years, which has led to a series of problems: ecological fragmentation due to rapid urbanization, disconnection between people and the island’s rich history and nature, erosion of the mountain body, and a gradual weakening of the local eco-function. A series of proposals include solutions, aiming at restoring the local ecosystems to their full potential, creating island routes for people to experience all aspects of the island through different activities, and finally, uniting the urban and eco-landscapes into a harmonious co-existence.
解决方案与执行
Solutions and implementation
策略一：赋能山海——全域生态策略
Island Wide Ecology Strategy
这项着眼于未来20年生态环境发展战略中，整合了滨海防护，城居片区以及中央山体的不同生境需求。以实现栖息地的发展。该战略包括以下步骤，以赋能自然并创造可持续的生态环境：
1. 打造贯通全岛的蓝绿系统
2. 修护与恢复该系统内的动植物栖息地
3. 合理地将这一生态系统与人们的生活联系起来
此外，该战略进一步指出了人类如何与栖息地共处，包括影响较低的远足、轻度探索、自然教育、轻松的休闲活动、体育运动、新型农业以及城市化程度较高区域则可进行高影响的户外体育运动和日常人类活动。活动和日常人类活动。
The Strategy for habitat development within a 20-year horizon integrates the coast with its different needs of coastal defence, the various urban areas, and the central mountain zone. The strategy includes steps to empower nature and to create a sustainable ecological environment:
1. To create an island-wide green and blue system
2. To repair and restore habitats within this system – animals and plants
3. To connect this ecological system wisely with the life of people
The strategy further indicates human use appropriate for each habitat, ranging from low impact hiking, light exploration, and nature education over light leisure activities, sport, new agriculture to the most intense urban uses such as intense sport, events, and everyday human activities.
策略二：镶嵌理山——全域分区策略
Island Wide Zoning Strategy
为实现“全域森林公园”的新统一，该策略叠合了森林公园、生态系统以及现有的社区结构及未来城市分区。这些“特色界面”重新定义了自然与城市的关系。这些“镶嵌界面”重新界定了自然与城市的关系，扩大特定边界效应，关键节点将成为访客和居民的门户，提供旅游和娱乐项目，让人们可以在各个季节享受历史和自然之美。
To achieve a new unity of “One Island, One Park” this strategy overlays the forest park, the ecosystem, and the existing community structure and urban zoning. The “Character Interface” redefines the nature-urban relationship. Within the edge zones, key nodes are gateways for visitors and residents. It offers a touristic and recreational program to enjoy history and nature at all seasons.
策略三：体验链接——全域链接网络和体验策略
Island Wide Network and Experience Strategy
该战略旨在连接不同用户群，包括历史爱好者、自然探险家和当地居民，通过慢行系统为他们创造出色的体验。整个岛屿上长达80km的路线网络辅以完善的景观设施，协助游览者克服障碍抵达目的地，并提供导向及不同服务点。
This strategy is dedicated to connecting and creating great experiences along with slow mobility networks for user groups including history enthusiasts, nature explorers and local users. The extensive 80 km long network of routes over the whole island is supported by landscape facilities that help to overcome obstacles, that are destinations, or simply orientation and service points.
成果与影响
Results and impact
在短期内，可预期看到当地社区的增长、旅游业的兴盛，以及当地野生动植物的回归和植被的生长。而从长远来看，我们期望揭示威远岛的魅力，通过满足各方的需求，让自然环境蓬勃发展，人们的生活质量显著提升，使其成为历史和自然爱好者的热门目的地。最后，这些计划和发展将支持当地经济，带来经济增长。
In short-term impact, it is expected to see local communities growing, a rise in tourism, as well as the return of local fauna and growth of flora. In long-term, it is expected to reveal to the public eye Weiyuan’s magic, by nourishing its needs on all levels – its nature will flourish, people’s life quality will dramatically grow, and it will become a popular destination of both history and nature enthusiasts. Finally, the immediate results are to see economic growth, since all these plans and developments will support the local economy.
节点一 威远海战博物馆周边综合提升工程
Scene 1 – under construction
目前由MLA+及AUBE团队进行后续景观设计深化的节点一威远海战博物馆周边综合提升工程正在建设进行中。其中书卷驿站作为市民观海入园的第一期项目已于2023年10月向公众开放。作为落地实施的开端，总体规划的第一阶段（节点一）目前正在施工中。它旨在实现上述的短期影响。这个首要关键节点明确了新城镇、位于城市边界的海战博物馆及后续博物馆群、主要滨水区和山地森林公园之间的关系。它是进入主要历史保护区的门户，该区域包括19世纪中叶鸦片战争时期的历史要塞威远炮台。作为通往自然森林公园的入口，节点一将包括森林恢复和保护区域，以及慢行系统的起点，连接岛屿中心山脉的各个社区。
As kick off to the implementation Scene 1 of the masterplan is currently under construction. It targets the short-term impact set out above. This first key node clarifies the relationship of the new town, a cluster of museums at the edge of the urban zone, the main waterfront and the mountain forest park. It is the gateway into the main historic preservation area with its historic colonial fortification from the Opium War in the mid-19th century. As a gateway to the natural Forest Park, Scene 1 includes forest restoration and protection zones, as well as the start of the slow mobility network, that will connect communities across the mountain range in the center of the island.
可借鉴性与可持续性
Replicability and sustainability
“威远印象” 强调，所有重要规划和大型景观项目必须跨越其实际场地边界，以实现最大效益，这对于一个空间范围明确的岛屿而言尤为重要。
“Scenes of Weiyuan” stresses that all major planning and large-scale landscape projects must reach beyond their actual site boundaries to achieve maximum benefits through a strong integration. This is especially true for a spatially strong defined territory of an island.
第一幕. 滨海文化广场
Scene1 Cultural Plaza
第二幕. 水剧场
Scene 2 Water Theatre
第三幕. 岭南乐活公园
Scene 3 Lohas community park
第四幕. 桃源入口
Scene 4 Neverland Campus
第五幕. 未来好望角
Scene 5 Cape of Future
要点总结
KEY TAKEAWAYS
基于真实的系统边界开展工作
Work with the true system boundaries
行政边界及项目红线通常无法真实反映与项目相关的生态和人类系统的边界。因此，有必要重新界定项目范围并基于真实的系统边界进行工作。尽管实际的干预措施可能受到场地内的限制，但应提出额外的倡议，以完全融入当前或未来的环境条件，激发更广泛的变革。
Administrative and project boundaries don’t usually match the boundaries of ecological and human systems related to the project. It is necessary to reframe the scale of the proposal and to work with the true system boundaries. Actual interventions might be limited within the site, but additional initiatives should be proposed to fully integrate with ongoing or future interventions in the context, or to inspire wider change.
宏大叙事下的地方差异
Local variations under a big narrative
尽管大环境叙事可以帮助引导正在发生变革的地区朝着期望的方向发展，但也正是对地理、生态和人文的丰富多样性关注，将整体叙事与本地的场所营造和栖息地建立联系在一起。
While a big narrative is necessary to lead an area in transformation into the desired direction, it is the attention to the rich variety in geography, ecology and human use that connects the overall story to careful placemaking and habitat creation at a local scale.
充分利用边缘效应
Make use of the edge effects
项目的主要焦点通常集中在项目范围内，如在这个项目中是山地森林。然而，正是在不同环境交汇的边缘地带，可能会出现更丰富多样的生境，并且带来额外的效益。合理利用边缘效应可以强化核心区域的设计。
The main focus of a project is often on the site area itself, e.g., the mountain forest in this case. However, it is along the edges where different environments meet that a richer life is possible and extra benefits can be achieved. The edge effect can enhance proposals for the core area.
该项目符合以下可持续发展目标（SDGs）：
1.SDG 3. 确保健康的生活，促进各年龄段人群的福祉；
2.SDG 11. 建设包容、安全、有抵御灾害能力和可持续的 城市和人类住区；
3.SDG 15. 保护、恢复和促进可持续利用陆地生态系统，可持续管理森林， 防治荒漠化，制止和扭转土地退化，遏制生物多样性的丧失。
当地政府尚未正式将此项目与可持续发展目标联系起来，也未承诺进行“可持续发展自愿地方评估“流程。因此，规划和设计团队并未把可持续发展目标作为项目的独立单项，而把注意力集中在综合空间解决方案，实现可持续发展目标之间的协同效应或积极联系，具体措施如下文所述。
The SDGs applicable to this intervention are:
1. SDG 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages;
2. SDG 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable;
3. SDG 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
The local government has not formally linked this project to SDGs and has not committed to an “SDG Voluntary Local Review” process. The planning and design team, therefore, does not tackle SDGs individually, but focusses its efforts on the positive effect of synergies or interlinkages between SDGs through integrated, spatial solutions as set out in the next paragraphs.
该项目贯彻了以下城乡融合指导原则（URL-GP）的应用：
1. 在地性的干预措施：本地情况对本项目至关重要。我们仔细研究了岛屿的历史和生态自然环境，并基于这些调研成果构建了项目整体概念和设计。
3. 基于功能及空间系统的方法：我们详细剖析了生态和城市形态，并提出了相应的解决方案，以使生物多样性得以充分恢复，同时城市环境也能在尊重自然的前提下发展。我们的设计提案旨在实现两者的和谐共存。
6. 以人权为本：设计方案非常注重健康权。大自然对身心健康的益处是毋庸置疑的。我们设计了多种多样的路线和活动，包括徒步远足及城市微气候区等，让人们能够充分体验自然的滋养。
7. 避免伤害同时提供社会保障：设计提案在不伤害威远的前提下，让人们体验威远丰富的自然风光，从而促进当地的福祉和健康。此外，项目希望通过一些列的恢复和激励策略，赋能于生态和人类，以保护当地的生物多样性和土地。
8. 环境敏感性：项目还通过现场生态分析，深入研究了当前问题，并提供了包括防洪、潮汐防御系统、建设韧性蓝绿框架等的提案，以及恢复适合动植物栖息的生态栖息地等。
10. 数据驱动及基于事实：项目具有充分的事实与证据支持。我们不仅通过广泛的实地考察收集了第一手数据，还研究了威远岛自1717年以来的历史，分析了该地区的地理位置、生态情况、潜在风险、当前的城市和自然状况等等。
This initiative contributes to application of the URL-GP:
1. Locally Grounded Interventions: Local context was key in developing this project. We carefully studied both the history and nature of the island and based our concept and design on these findings.
3. Functional and Spatial systems-based approaches: We have analyzed both nature and urban patterns and offered solutions to allow biodiversity to get fully restored, as well as the urban environment to develop with respect towards nature. It was designed in ways that the two can co-exist harmoniously.
6. Human rights-based: Our plan is very much focused on promoting the right to health. The benefits of nature to the human body and mind are a fact, and we provided varied routes and activities to allow people to experience nature’s nourishment at its full, ranging from hiking zones to building city micro-climates.
7. Do no harm and provide social protection: We promoted well-being and health by carefully considering how people can experience Weiyuan’s rich nature and benefit from it without harming it. Additionally, we made sure to protect the local biodiversity and land by creating restoration strategies that will empower nature and people alike.
8. Environmentally sensitive: We conducted a site eco-analysis which allowed us to examine the current problems in depth and provide solutions in the forms of flood mitigation, tide defense systems, building a resilient green and blue framework, and repair of the eco-habitats for flora and fauna alike, among others.
10. Data driven and evidence-based: Our project is fully backed by evidence. Not only we have collected first-hand data through extensive site visits, but we have also studied the history of Weiyuan starting from 1717 until now, as well as analyzed the area’s location, ecology, potential risks, current urban and nature situation, and more.
该项目可以体现以下城乡融合行动框架：
B. 跨城乡区域的综合规划：该项目提出了一个与城市紧密连接的蓝绿系统，充分利用威远岛的各个面向。绿色网络通过多样的方式连接城市与岛屿，给公共空间赋予更多的价值，让城市环境更加宁静宜人。
D. 赋权于人民和社区：项目团队在现场调研时也采访了当地居民，并在设计过程中借鉴融合了他们的经验。设计提出了一个可容纳包括历史遗产保护委员会、街道办事处和当地剧本等超过10个组织一起参与的工作框架，力求多方合作，一起参与到威远岛的新篇章中。
H. 基础设施、技术和通信系统：基于生态研究及分区化针对性的措施，设计提出的策略将促进威远岛可持续且韧性的发展。城市规划将尽可能地降低对生物多样性的影响，如项目提出建造一座供慢性交通使用的高架桥，以防止开发造成进一步的山体破碎。
I. 综合考虑食品安全、营养和公共卫生：威远岛生态多样性的全面恢复不仅将造福于当地民众，也将有益于区域的健康发展。它将大幅提升人们的身心福祉，同时也将成为一个健康的生态系统，让广东省受益于这一片森林。
J. 环境影响，自然资源和土地管理：通过包括森林、水库、农田、海洋和城市在内的五种生态栖息地及其生态过渡带，我们不仅为各类无脊椎动物提供了食物和栖息地，还吸引其他消费者和分解者居住繁衍于此。多层次的森林结构有助于森林中生物多样性的发展。
K. 面临冲突与灾难的城乡交接区：本项目是一个以自然生态为本的设计提案，利用全岛积极的协同效应，最终实现城乡一体化。
This project relates to the following entry points of the Urban-Rural Linkages: Framework of Action:
B. Integrated planning across the urban-rural continuum: The project approach to Weiyuan Island is utilizing all its aspects by creating blue and green strategies connected to the urban ones. Public space will become valuable, and the overall urban environment will be tranquil, since it will be connected to the green networks of the island in multiple ways.
D. Empower people and communities: Naturally, the team interviewed locals during our site visits, and took their experience into account during the design process. The intervention created a framework that will allow more than ten organizations to be involved in Weiyuan’s new chapter, from the Heritage Protection Committee and the Sub-district Office to the local residents.
H. Infrastructure, technology, and communication systems: The solutions promote a sustainable and resilient Weiyuan, where based on the eco-analysis, the team will provide the best solutions per zone. The urban plans will significantly reduce interfere with the biodiversity, namely, it will create a Central Bridge which will promote slow mobility and will prevent further mountain fragmentation.
I. Integrated approaches for food security, nutrition, and public health: The full restoration of Weiyuan’s biodiversity will not only benefit the health of the local’s, but also the region’s. It will dramatically improve the physical and mental well-being of people, but it will be a healthy ecosystem too, providing the Guangdong Province the benefits that each forest has to offer.
J. Environmental impact and natural resource and land management: By creating the five ecological habitats of forest, reservoir, farmland, ocean, city, and their marginal habitats, we not only provide food and habitat for invertebrates. We further attract other consumers and decomposers to live and seek food. The multi-level forest structure is conducive to the development of forest biodiversity.
K. The urban-rural continuum in the face of conflict and disaster: The intervention designed nature-based solutions in order to achieve an urban-rural integration with positive synergetic effects throughout the island.
相关链接
▲亩加在东莞滨海湾新区吹起赢标号角，打造威远岛全域森林公园
www.mlaplus.com
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